Alternating-current meter.



No. 698,671. Patented Apr. 29, |902.

T. DUNCAN. ALTERNATING CURRENT METER. (Application led Nov. 1B, 1899. Renewed Dec. 16, 1901.)

(No Model.)

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- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS DUNCAN, OE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE SIEMENS dv HALSKE ELECTRIC COMPANY OF AMERICA, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A

CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

ALTERNATlNc-CURRENT METER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 698,671, dated April 29, v1902. Application filed November 18, 1899. Renewed December 16, 1901. Serial No. 86,058. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom, t may conoci-72,:

Be it known that I, THOMAS DUNCAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the vcounty of Cook and State of Illinois,

have invented a certain new and useful Im-v `invention disclosed in my application, Serial No. 737,424, filed of even date herewith. I am enabled by means of the invention disclosed in my aforesaid application to employV a single indicator or other measuring device that is capable of effecting the measurement of either of these load conditions, two complete sets of motive coils, however, being there employed. In my present invention I employ but one complete set of motive windings, a single series coil being in cooperative relation with two shunt-windings. I am enabled to measure the real watts and the wattless or magnetizing component of the current in an alternating-current power-circuit by means of the same instrument. Heretofore it was necessary to determine the wattless or magnetizing component mathematically.

Generally speaking, my invention comprises a measuring element, means for producing pressure-Iields in phase and in quadrature, a single current-coil in coperative relation with said means, and means for controlling the cooperative relation between the windings and the measuring element to secure the desired measurements. With one adjustment of 'the controlling means the measuring element is actuated to determine the true watts, while with another adjustment the measuring element is actuated to determine the wattless or magnetizing component.

In applications,Serial Nos. 730,847, 730,848,

and 730,849, med september is, 1899, and serial No. 733,290, iiled October l1, 1899, I have shown and described means for and a method of measuring the magnetizing or so-called wattless component in` alternating-current power-circuits by means of induction motor-meters, while in applications, Serial Nos. 735,807 and 735,808, filed November 4, 1899, I have shown how the same result might be accomplished by means of a meter carrying field-windings uponfthe armature.

` In practicing myinvention I employ means capable of causing some oflthe windings to create iields which act upon the measuring element to eect the measurement of the true watts and others to create lields which act upon the measuring element to eiect the measurement of the wattless component.

In practicing my invention I may employ an induction motor-meter; but I do not wish to be limited to the precise form of meter employedr. .j I will more fully describe my invention by reference to the accompanying drawings, showing one embodiment thereof, in which- Figure l shows an induction type of indicating motor-meter constructed and arranged in accordance with the invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are Vector diagrams showing the phase relations of the magnetism due to the pressure-windings with the pressure.

An alternating-currentgeneratorlis shown as supplying current to the translating devices 2. A disk armature 3, preferably made of aluminium, is suitably mounted upon the rotating spindle 4. At one side of the disk is secured a single series field-coil 5, (shown underneath the disk,) which coil is connected in series with a main and is traversed by the current supplied to the translating devices. The current sets up a magnetic field in said coil 5 thatV is proportional to the current strength. Two coils 6 and 7 are shown above' the disk 3 and eccentric -with respect to coil 5, the coil 7 beingin series with an impedancecoil 8,- while the coil 6 is in series withanoninductive resistance 9. The coils described are jointly capable of exerting a torque upon the armature 3 which'is proportional to the current times the electromotive force times IOO the sine of the angle of lag. A key7 or switch 10 serves to include the coil 6 with its resist-` 'they may jointly' produce a magnetic iield that is in` phase with the eiectromotive force between the main leads. There will then be no shifting field between the series coil andA the compound coil (i 7 lwhen the translating devices are non-inductive or when the current in the leads is in phase with its electromotive force; but asthe current lags in the work-*circuit the torque Will increase proportionately until a lag of ninety degrees is reachedwhen the torque will reach its maximum. This will be understood by reference to Fig. 2, where oc may represent the impressed electromotive force; o b, the current and magnetism ot' the coil t;V o c, the current and magnetism of the coil 7, and o d' the resultant magnetism of the coils G and 7, which resultant magnetismA is in phase with the impressed yelectromotive force. Other means than those shown may be ldevised for bringing the resultant magnetism due to the coils 6 and 7 in phase with the impressed electromotive force. rThe non-inductive resistance 9 isvemployed for the purpose of keeping the phase of the current o Z9 as nearly as possibleA vin phase With the electromotive force 0 a.

The inductance S is employed to cause the current through the coil 7 to lag as much as possible beyond one hundred and eighty de-V greesbehind the electromotive force 0 a.

The portion of the instrument that I have thus f ar described is capable of measuring the Wattless component in alternating-current circuits when the key 10 isdepressed. It it-should be desired to measure Vthe true watts in an alternating-current circuit, the

l key 10 is released and the key 11 is depressed to operatively associate other motor-coils corresponding to the key with the armature 3, these coils then acting upon the said armature in conjunction with the series coil 5 to exert thereon a torque which is proportional to the current times the electromotive force times the cosine of the angle of lag. Above the disk and also eccentric with respect to the coil 5 are placed the coils 13 and 14, which are adjacent to the coils 6 and 7, the series coil 5 being common to all of the coils 6, 7, 13, and 14. The resultant magnetism due to the curby including in its circuitthe inductance 15,

.The switches 10 andlll are preferably so constructed that they normally maintain the pressure-coils out of circuit with the main conductors, vso thatv there is normally no torque exerted upon the armature.

The'operation ot' the apparatus will now be readily understood.l If Vit should be desired to measure the Wattless component of alternating current'in a system rof distribution, key 10 is actuated to close circuit through the coil 6, the resultant field due to the coils 6 and 7 cooperating with the field due to the series winding 5 to produce atorque upon the armature that varies as thesine of the angle of lag between the current and pressure With a given amperage'and voltage. It it should be desired to measure the true Watts of alternating current in a system of distribution,

key 11 is alone depressed to include the coil 13 in bridge of the supply-mains. The currents in the coils 5, 13, and 14 cause a torque that varies as the cosinefof the angle of lag between the current and electromotive force with a givenamperage and Voltage.

I have shown an armature as being provided with a scale marked oft upon its periphery, a stationary pointer 17 being employed to indicate the extent of movement of the armature. A spiral spring 18 is fastened at one end to a support 19, while the other end is fastened tothe hub 2O of the armature to cause the instrument to act as an indicating device. To cause the armature to be deadybeat, permanent magnets 21 21 are employed.

While I have shown keys for controlling the connections of pressure-coils of the motor-windings, I do not Wish to be limited to thisprecise means for controlling the operation of the apparatus, as other means may be devised. A Y

Modifications may readily be made in the apparatus of my invention Without departing from its spirit, and I do not, therefore, Wish to be limited to the precise embodiment shown; but,

I-Iaving thus described my invention, I claim as newr and desire to secure by Letters Patentmagnetizing component, and means for permitting said element to be subject to either torque alone, substantially as described.

3. In an alternating-current meter,the com# bination with a measuring element, of pressure-windings, a current-coil common to said pressure-windings, said windings serving,` to cause torqnes upon the measuring element proportional to the true Watts andrto the magnetizing component, and switching mechanism for renderinga pressure-winding ineffective, substantially as described.

4.. Inanalternating-currentmeter,thecombination with a measuring element, of pressure-windings, a current-coil common tolsaid pressure-windings, said Vwindings serving to cause torques upon the measuring element proportional to the true Watts and to the magnetizing component, and switching mechanism for rendering either pressure-Winding ineective, substantially as described.

5. In an alternating-current meter,the comhination with a measuring element, ofxpressure-windings, a current-coil common to said.

pressure-windings, said windings vserving to cause torques upon the measuring element proportional to the true Watts and to the Vma netizingcom onent andswitehingmech- 

